The Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) refers to the process where electronic components are mixed on a bare PCB to create a completely functional tray. This includes growing active and passive components such as resistance, capacitor, integrated circuit (ICS), contacts and more. The PCBA process includes a combination of Surface Mount Technology (SMT), through-Hole Technology (THT) or both. Following the assembly, the board reviews test processes such as Automated Optical Inspection (AOI), in-Circuit Test (ICT) and functional testing to ensure quality and reliability.